3D Flower-like TiO2 Nanostructures: Anatase-To-Rutile Phase Transformation and Photoelectrochemical Application

Flower-like TiO2 nanostructures were obtained by chemical oxidation of Ti foil using H2O2 combined with subsequent annealing. This paper offers an analysis the phase transformation 3D flower-like titanium dioxide nanostructures. The role annealing atmosphere, sample thickness, grain shape, and nanoflower size are discussed. examined SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy. Due to nature these two processes, morphology nanomaterials is complex, through a reaction involving at 80°C. A distinction made between layer composed small grains substrate/oxide interface, elongated crystal-like structures, outer spongle-like film. parameters, such as atmosphere (air or argon) temperature (450 600 °C), affect composition. photoelectrochemical performance anode based on has been shown. thickness composition anodes factors that strongly photocurrent. multiphase heterojunctions proposed for photoanodes in (PEC) cells suppose conduction band anatase should be above rutile. highest was photoanode 20–40% associated 0.75–1.5 µm.